Although the first VoIP networks began to appear as early as 1995, these VoIP networks used proprietary protocols to allow the exchange of IP data. However, with rapid growth and the need for VoIP traffic to be routed globally, there was a need to establish standards to control data exchange. In view of the fact that there were a number of different requirements, several standards were developed that are used today. The registration is done through the signaling protocol and each signaling protocol uses a slightly different set of messages to carry out the task.
Although the concept of a unified VoIP protocol or suite of protocols seems ideal, this is unlikely to happen in view of the extent to which the different protocols have already been implemented. VoIP systems run on the data network, but they are telephone systems that have been converted to IP-based protocols. This section will provide the operation template and the chapters will provide specific details of the topology and protocol used. However, the equipment used in each of them, while performing the same functions, performs these functions differently and, in fact, works using a completely different set of protocols.
The voice over Internet protocol, VoIP, has experienced an enormous level of growth in recent years and is likely to continue or even increase in the near future. VoIP uses protocols such as the common open policy service protocol, common communication over IP, the dynamic host configuration protocol, and the extensible messaging and presence protocol, among others. With protocols such as RTCP or Skinny Messages, such as those shown in Figures 1-15 and 1-24, which pay so much attention to RTP transmission quality metrics, one could lead to believe that VoIP performance is a big problem. Session control protocols are responsible for establishing, preserving, and closing call sessions.
The transport protocol is used to encapsulate or transport actual voice data, and the only protocol that is universally used for transport is the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), which is described in Chapter 4.In addition to the organizations involved, there are also a variety of different VoIP protocols and standards. With the greater capacity for data connections, someone had the idea that it might be possible to make a phone call over an Internet Protocol (IP) -based network. This chapter discussed a standard VoIP topology, which includes components not specific to VoIP, such as the dynamic host configuration protocol and the trivial file transfer protocol. VoIP stands for voice protocol over the Internet, and the word protocol is an integral part of how the entire system works.
RFC 3550 also includes the Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP), which provides information about the RTP packet flow.
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